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Table 2 Transgenic models of HNSCC

From: Preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma for a basic understanding of cancer biology and its translation into efficient therapies

Transgenic modification

Promotor

Anatomical site

Prevalence

Onset (months)

Reference

Spontaneous models

 E6/E7/mrasR12

K14

OC

100

3–4

[44]

 KrasG12/TP53del/del

K14

T

100

< 1

[45]

 KrasG12/KLF4del/del

K14

T

21

< 1

[46]

 KrasG12/SMAD4wt/del

K14

OC

n.a.

3–4

[47]

 SMAD4del/del

K14

OC

74

10

[47]

4NQO-induced models

 GRHL3del/del

K14

OC, L, P

40

3–4

[48]

 PTENdel/del

K14

OC

100

1–2

[49]

 miR-211

K14

T

n.a.

3

[50, 51]

 miR-31

K14

T

80

3

[52]

  1. Abbreviations: K14 keratin 14, OC oral cavity, T tongue, L larynx, P pharynx, n.a. not available